Showing posts with label gifted education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gifted education. Show all posts

Friday, August 18, 2023

Thoughts on Teacher Retention: Let Learning Happen

Just before leaving Seattle for New Orleans, I heard the principal of the high school I taught at changed. This was unfortunate; she was one of the only Black principal in the district and had been named principal of the year a few years ago. The pandemic probably changed a lot of how schooling is being done, and stable leadership from the “before times” churns as many received promotions or retired. Or like me, started a doctoral program. I remember when I told one of my seniors I was going to graduate school, he responded, “We had three principals in four years. You need to get out of here with the rest of us.”

Every year before classes start, I get a call asking either if I was interested in science positions in the district, or if I would be willing to be a substitute teacher. I, of course, decline, but I re-weigh the possibility each year. No, it has never come close to me considering stopping graduate school. I do, however, like watching school board meetings on YouTube as they figure out incentives to recruit and retain teachers for the district.

 

Building Community in a Rules-heavy Environment

Keeping track of the numbers and who is doing what exactly can be tough for school communities. The principal who just left had the title of “acting principal” in her first year, just like her successor. That job title doesn’t convey confidence to parents, teachers, staff, or even students. However, I do appreciate her gestures to recognize and build community.  The “acting” part of the title changed the following year.

At one pep rally, she awkwardly danced around the four different sections of bleachers. Nobody joined her because I think students were confused and afraid they’d get yelled at for leaving their seats. There was also a group of parents and media watching with the principal being the only person dancing on the basketball court.

Close to the end of the school year, there was a “senior prank”: toilet papering the main courtyard. It was just straight vandalism. I had an environmental science class in my first period, and we cleaned it up; to make it related to the curriculum, we weighed it all and realized so much destruction can happen from just one pack. The principal had left campus to pick up donuts for my students, yet many said “We’re good. We cleaned it up because it looked so bad.” They weren’t impressed by the graduating class, but they were appreciative of the donuts they passed on. I remember this one vignette because I think it reframed how that class went for the rest of the year. They reasoned that it was awful to clean up after other people, and that we should just prevent environmental disaster beforehand; the BP oil spill was a case-study they became interested in. That and Harambe and the role of zoos in wildlife conservation were really great discussions.

These shoes weren't against dress code,
unless you stretched what was "disruptive."

I found that disruptions to the learning environment were manageable, but it was always "death by a thousand cuts" rather than major incidents. However, I found selective enforcement of rules hurt student learning outcomes the most. It also watered down more serious issues when there was a backlog of dress code violations. I found my principal to be supportive, but certain assistant principals seemed more concerned about the volume of discipline records instead of academic outcomes.


Would I have stayed?

I know I’m being nostalgic, but what kept me around was probably the robotics team. It’s similar logic to a lot of sports coaches where the teaching gig is the side gig; I think I was there for the full set of students rather than just student athletes (but students who were athletes were great!). However, I feel the dual enrollment opportunities my school pursued were excellent alternatives to Advanced Placement (AP) classes. I think I would stay, and possibly be attracted to administration, but I wouldn’t want to go to central office. If pay was my main motivator, I would be doing something in neuroscience or medicine. I’m in the field of education to help students and families.

 

Retention: The Numbers

At the last high school I taught at since starting my doctoral program, about 24 of the 80 teachers (about 30%) are from “my time.” That means retention of that cohort year-over-year was around 75%. Put another way, about 1 in 4 of those teachers left the school each year, for all reasons including retirement or moving to a different school. Teachers were rarely dismissed due to their evaluations, even though some found them stressful. Considering that we don’t typically loop teachers, or keep students matched with teachers across subjects, students have a good chance of having classes scheduled with teachers who are completely new to the school.

 
decreasing line for teacher retention
Note: This is based off of the cohort from the 2018-19 and 2023-24 school years.
Actual retention year-over-year is higher.

With all this said, both my successors for high school science and summer robotics stuck with it for the past five or six years, respectively. My science department kept 7 of 9 teachers from my time, or 8 if you count my replacement. I also want to note that, a lot of the retention is for upper-level weighted courses including honors, dual enrollment, advanced placement, and gifted. Science can be hard-to-staff, but I think that was more of a recruitment problem rather than a retention issue.

For comparison, at the summer program I taught at in the Greater New Orleans area, only 6 of 40 instructors remain, yet 3 of the 4 administrators stayed on board. That’s a 15% retention rate over the six-year period, or a drop of 30% change for teachers. Two of the six instructors were teaching assistants, but notably they were college students back in the summers of 2016 and 2017. It's a different kind of instructor; most were professional artists rather than formal classroom educators. The admin are more focused on the business and management aspects; I recall the former director sending messages to not talk about compensation since it would cause "unnecessary conflict." Still, to be frank, it paid well for a month-long commitment.

Note: This is based off Summer 2018 to Summer 2023.
I didn't teach there the summer before grad school.

To the two instructors at the summer program who were assistants when I was there, I don’t think it’s a surprise they were the ones who stayed. They were students at selective high schools in the New Orleans area, and they went to good colleges.  They were considerably talented in their own right, mature leaders among the others their age. I didn't work too closely with them aside from morning meetings and lunch duty, but they were memorable for being caring and kind. On the last days of class, they promoted what the kids had made and learned, and they genuinely hyped up what we were all doing.


Discussion

The pandemic's effects on Louisiana teachers is difficult to discern.

Here are my frustrations with some administration and counselors as a teacher. Usually, these revolved around class size; I routinely had around 34 in some classes, especially my dual enrollment classes, but far fewer in my physics classes. These weren’t specific to science, but were avoidable issues related to how schools are organized.

  • I legit never had a common planning period with the colleagues in my hall, or with teachers in different subjects who taught most of my students.
  • Disciplinary consequences weren’t consistent. Yes, out of class time for students has detrimental academic effects but imagine the effects when a student is constantly disruptive and knows they can get away with it because it works across classes. Students typically didn’t do anything big, but they would do a lot of little things.
  • Some students’ placements were based on behavior, not academic ability. I’m all for having a heterogeneous classroom, but with the assumption that baseline skills are there. For ninth graders, this was especially a problem since it shaped whole classes. We tried our best to mitigate RNG, but the gaps were challenging to close.
  • Feeder schools varied in quality. It was well known who was getting passed through in eighth grade. It wasn’t fair to focus on remediation, but some students needed it.
  • My classes were unbalanced. My sixth period physics class, out of seven, often had fewer than five students since many seniors opted for a short day, since they’d have enough credit hours to graduate. We had an overemphasis on class rank and the Top 10, and the students knew that if they weren’t competitive for it, they could take a reduced course load and go home early.

Overall, I don’t think I needed more incentives to stay. For the most part, the community aspects of school were great. I can see a lot of the administrative aspects were what drew me to higher education. I think that would be similar to a lot of young people who become teachers; systemic changes to teacher pay and working conditions happen when we can get out of our own way.

Monday, August 14, 2023

Reflections on Teaching High School Student Athletes

One Monday morning class, I remember congratulating a student for the win on Friday night. They thanked me. When I said I watched, they didn’t believe me. A teacher driving across state to an away game was unheard of. Students didn’t even do that, so they thought I must’ve heard the results from one of the coaches. By the next game, and up until the September before graduate school, I brought the Captain America shield so students would know I was there, and to remind them about defense.

A.J. with Captain America Shield
This was the first of three shields (2013).

I made it a point to go to games so each of my students would have someone they knew in the stands supporting them. They had lives outside of the classroom, and playing sports was one way to connect a school community.

The student athletes I worked with tended to be very well rounded academically. Instances of student athletes being “twice exceptional” or 2E, having academic gifts and talents alongside a disability, learning or otherwise, seemed to be mitigated on the field. They chose their activity and became well-practiced in it.

All my professional high school science teaching experience comes from Louisiana. Archery, diving, gymnastics, hockey, lacrosse, and water polo didn’t seem to exist there, but in Seattle, I can point to people I’ve met here who played in high school. We had enough sports, though. I won’t dive into the economics and education finance dimensions of this topic quite yet, but I wanted to casually reflect on some of the teams students were a part of.

Swimming

This sport has the highest density of high academic achievers. Most of the swimmers were affluent; training required off-campus facilities. The swimmers also tended to be musically-inclined.

Track and Field

Since there were so many events and so much down time, I remember finishing lesson plans and grading papers at these meets. The wide-representation of schools also allowed me to catch up with other teachers outside of professional development time. Students ran, jumped, and threw objects. I recall an uptick in engagement whenever I used track and field problems for my physics class. Triple memes: Ghost Love Score Epic Maneuver, Leeroy Jenkins, and Xena.

 

Cross Country

This was one of the sports I hadn’t watched, but since I was often on campus after school, I’d see some of my students run their nth lap. We didn’t have indoor tracks, and as you can imagine, Louisiana is really humid. Even at football games in the evening, cross country students were still running around.

Soccer

Both men and women’s soccer were well-represented in my classes. I also saw a mix of family incomes in who played. They were all heavily involved with leagues, and I know someone who played semi-pro.

Basketball

The school I taught at was a basketball school with students going on to the NBA and WNBA. We had a student lead her team to victory in the NCAA championship, and those who followed were highly motivated. When these alumni return, it draws a huge community crowd.

Baseball

Over the years, I hadn’t had very many high achieving baseball players. Maybe it was because their season was late, but anecdotally, the young men who played baseball were the most stereotypical hybrid of slacker and jock profiles. They also left for games during class a lot of the time. It might also be that one particular group of students were wrapped up in cheating for my dual enrollment chemistry class early in the year.

Softball

Softball players, on the other hand, were often themselves very organized. However, I noticed a lower level of staffing to record game statistics. I always heard of scouts at the baseball games, but not much for softball. Still, I think their team dynamics were more wholesome.

Volleyball

This was the one sport students seemed to know most about because it’s one of the few actually played in their P.E. classes. I really appreciated the annual visit from my high school physics teacher since she coached the opposing volleyball team. The group hug after every rally was also very consequential in lowering team animosity.

Tennis

This was more of an individual sport, and it showed. Tennis rage was very clear. I remember a fairly cliquey bunch who were all striving to outdo each other.

I remember asking my one friend who played for Tulane and University of Wisconsin – Madison if that was normal, and I remember well her hustle and grindset mentality.

Powerlifting

These meets didn’t seem to happen often, but I remember a few record-breaking students. They tended to fill the gentle giant stereotype, and they always wanted me to just watch them pick up something heavy.

Wrestling

This wasn’t as big in the schools I taught at, mostly because of the representation of other sports.

Bowling

I’m considering it here. Bowling was inarguably an accessible activity with a lot of the social benefits of other sports. It was also easy to make physics problems about.

Cheerleading

I have to be honest. This was the one activity I feared because the chances of a head injury seemed so high. Yes, they practice a lot, but the risk was very high. Usually, the injuries were to limbs, but I recall at least one student each year having to cheer from the sidelines. The cheerleading competitions were also during the school day, so makeup tests were difficult since I constantly rotated versions.

One of the strangest cheerleader flexes was doing a pushup or tumble for every point, and against some teams, the counts got pretty high.

One cheerleader was nicknamed “One Above All” because she maintained a grade above 100/A in my class. When someone asked, “How did you do that?” she said, “I listen and take notes.” In a few years, she’ll be “Doctor One Above All.”

Football

One benefit of a football team in the South is how large the roster can be. This inherently made it so a lot of my students played, and aside from starting and play time, they didn’t need dramatic cuts. It was very competitive, with so many Louisianian young men striving to play in the SEC. Some football training facilities are definitely pay-to-win. I know I wasn’t going to discuss school finance, but those astroturf renovations for stadiums always made me raise an eyebrow. I get that in Louisiana the fields tend to flood, and yes, I care about reducing injuries, but astroturf, considering all other educational outcomes didn’t seem like the best use of resources.

As an aside: Also, the stand tunes meta was very strange. There were songs from the 70’s, 80’s, 90’s, obviously picked out by the band director, but also the list of pop songs curated by the drum majors. At the time, it was a lot Fall Out Boy, Adele, and Imagine Dragons, but also some Disney, cartoon, and video game themes. 

 

Since the marching bands had a half-time show season, marching season, and concert season, I loved watching performances evolve as they incorporated new students after band camp, but also as student athletes balanced their play time on the field and in the stands.

Discussion

I found it interesting that so many students who asked me for letters of recommendation played some sport. Some even played a few. Often, the reasons were social, different sports had different seasons, and for college admissions. Except my particular school and basketball and swimming, most didn’t pursue their sport in college beyond intramural.

The benefits of school sports have always been apparent to me, and I always had great appreciation of the social opportunities it provided. These students were rarely bullies. In fact, I heard the most criticism for the students who “just went to games” who didn’t participate in extracurriculars.

Student athletes had a drive that could be developed. A lot of them were hardworking. Few were motivated by having their rights to play taken away. Arguably, I think a lot of student athletes, at least in their season, were even more motivated to excel academically. Athletic, kinesthetic intelligence was also demonstrated and developed through activity and deliberate practice.

With all that said, high school sports are gendered and racialized.

How will they get to and from practice? Who shows up for their games?

Parent behaviors were also interesting. For their own kids, they were often critical, but for others it was always “Good hustle. You’ll get ‘em next time.” The fact some had to volunteer because they held some position in the booster club was also a curious window into some school politics, even going into the school board space. As I mentioned in my reflection about football, money and staffing gets earmarked for the athletic director budget, but austerity is the norm for covering classroom materials.

The politics of who gets to play is also concerning. In Louisiana, like other southern states, there is more than a specter of banning transgender students from a wonderful educational and affirming experience. I pause to ask, “Who benefits from taking away an opportunity?” The idea that scholarships are up for grabs ignores the very real observation that very few students continue to play in college. The immediate benefits to students playing sports far outweigh any negatives, which all come from discrimination anyway.

Sunday, August 13, 2023

9 Examples of Letters of Recommendation Written by a Teacher

As I look forward to the back to school season, I heard from several of my former high school students about where they are now. They're all making more money than me!

 

At the end of one year, admin let me know that my car
was singly vandalized by a bunch of nerdy students.
This is the thanks I get smh.

Here are nine examples of Letters of Recommendation I've written for high school students over the years, covering different goals, including scholarships, internships, and admissions. I mostly wrote in the capacity as a high school science teacher, specifically chemistry, physics, and robotics. There were two times when I was in grad school when writing. I've redacted identifying details and program specifics.

For a Full Ride Scholarship

[Name] has my highest recommendation for his academic achievement, engineering potential, and his conscientious personality. I have known [Name] as his FIRST robotics mentor since he started high school, encompassing [Time Period and Events].  [Name] has been a team leader and a quick study from the start with responsibilities including [Skills], and cooperating with other teams as [Officer].

            Each summer and fall, [Name] has led projects in reimagining our robots. Not only has he made some of our robot demos to younger audiences more memorable and interactive, he often reused parts already in our shop, adding minimal expenses to off-season projects while effectively training other students. His assessments are accurate, and whenever he identifies what the team needs he always includes potential solutions.  For his team contributions over the years, [Name] was recognized with [Award]. Now, as a senior, [Name] has essentially created his own job as our team’s project manager, restructuring previous build captain positions to be more conscientious of budget, deadlines, and student talent development.

            In athletics, [Name] focuses on improvement, pushing himself, yet knowing when to rest. In [Sport], his hustle is noticeable from the stands as he leads from the front; in track, he literally raises the bar... [Name] has managed to schedule his athletic activities in a way that he can still fully participate in his other extracurriculars. After school, he [Schedule]. He’s still willing to work on projects from home, often bringing plenty of ideas the next time our team meets. On the occasions where he misses a meeting, his absence is clearly felt, yet the team is still able to carry out the plans that [Name] helps lay out.

            Academically, he is the single top student I have encountered in my teaching career, which includes a selective subset of high achieving gifted kids. He can handle advanced material and he respects the feedback levied against his work. I realize that some teachers and mentors may actually find his attitudes polarizing, since [Name] can be a bit confident in his understandings; however, I found that he will often adjust and deepen his understandings once he has time to wrestle with an issue. He learns quickly with great working and episodic memory; that is, he’ll retain a lot of information and can recall his experiences in great detail. In college, he would greatly benefit from projects, labs, and undergraduate research experiences. [Name] rarely appears “overloaded” because he sets up his time very well, and his physical and mental endurance is evident in how he can remain extremely productive in the short and long term.

            Though self-deprecating about his public speaking, he obviously holds the audience’s attention. At our many team demos to young children and presentations to engineers, the feedback about our team often specifically mentions [Name]. In team discussions with mentors, [Name] is articulate and on-task, focused on achieving goals on a schedule. For each robotics season, we have a six week deadline, and [Name] has become adept at delivering a functional product as he leads his fellow students.

            During competitions, he is always focused on getting ready for the upcoming match. He has learned from some of the frustrations of maintaining plenty of moving parts, both on the robot and amongst teenaged personalities. However, [Name] is highly reflective and embodies the notion of gracious professionalism. He’s funny, too. [Name] is willing to guide other students who might be pushed to the margins, and he exhibits great patience. His mindset is always to fix and learn from mistakes, and he never blames people. Rather, he contextualizes the situation they’re in. He realizes that challenges aren’t supposed to be easy, but are calls to act and do. When we talk one-on-one, [Name]’s genuine beliefs are so reassuring, and I’ve become a more empowered educator and researcher because now I know I’ll have a great colleague in the future.

            My research interests as a doctoral student at UW-Seattle have undoubtedly been framed by my experiences mentoring [Name]. From educational neuroscience to gifted and STEM education policy, [Name] has informed what I see as the upper limits of human development and potential. I cannot wait to see what [Name] will do in college and as a young professional, as he gears up to be the world’s next great engineer.

Back to Contents

 

For a Research Experience as an Undergraduate (REU)

[Name] is a conscientious student who makes her opinions and deeply held beliefs known through her writing. When given the opportunities to present, her preparation, diligence, and humor are shared with her peers. I have known [Name]through her participation in robotics … and as her chemistry and physics teacher. She has made many connections between the physical sciences and their applications in biomedical sciences, exploring these advanced topics in imaging, radioactive medicine, and pharmacokinetics in some of her projects and research materials throughout my courses.

            She works smart on research, preparing annotated bibliographies and research notes in a meticulous system that she isn’t afraid to share or show her expertise. She often studies, spending most of her mornings in the science wing looking over notes before the school day starts whilst occasionally tutoring her fellow students. [Name]is not afraid to ask for help, either, but would prefer that she master a skill or concept on her own; she never asks for the answer, but seeks the help she needs to form her own understandings.

            Certainly, she possesses a level of studiousness recognized by her peers, and at best, she is looked at as an intellectual leader. In collaborative projects, [Name] has demonstrated her leadership by delegating tasks and keeping to the deadlines she sets.

            In college, [Name] will likely participate in several extracurricular activities and societies. Her expansive resume is only eclipsed by the fact that many of the clubs of her interest did not exist until she created them, such as multicultural club. For robotics, [Name] has participated in some of our outreach events to promote STEM education to 4-8 grade students across the parish. She has interests not only in the biomedical sciences, but in complex sociological issues regarding … and changing economies. [Name] is articulate in the intersection of the natural and social sciences, and she has proven herself to be proficient at researching, programming, and modeling different phenomena.

            [Name] is a hard worker, and she has the potential to become a highly active, productive, student in college. She would excel in an environment with like-minded peers and would benefit greatly from undergraduate research experience. [Name] will also greatly contribute to the university’s student life and later, as a student researcher primed for lab work. I enthusiastically recommend her application.

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For a Summer Science Internship

[Name] was a student in my spring semester chemistry class. As a new student to my class – which I, and the students, would consider accelerated and more challenging than other sections – [Name] stood out with his humor, and he emerged a leader. My instructional focus on overarching concepts and higher order quantitative reasoning was different, yet [Name]’s consistently strong performance during day-to-day activities offered clarifying insight and well-timed chemistry themed jokes. His easygoing, playful nature disguise his genuine concern for understanding and improvement.

            My tests were pretty rough, affectionately nicknamed things like the Tenderizer, but [Name] refused to be tenderized. I recall that even on the first few chemistry tests, he scored in the top 10%-15% out of 120 students. He was one of the few new spring semester students who quickly adapted to learning more material in a shortened amount of time. His knack for understanding patterns was evident in advanced material regarding acids, bases, and organic molecules; while a majority of the class was initially stymied by nomenclature or calculations, [Name] was capable of working with different sets of rules to identify properties of various chemicals. 

            One Saturday in March, the Ides of March in fact, [Name] and another student took the opportunity to take a practice ACT, which was a three hour commitment. I vividly recall that day because it was foggy, and I was running a bit late. [Name] drove and was patiently waiting in the school parking lot. I opened my classroom and let the students in. Then I ran off to make copies of the test booklet. When I returned, [Name] had written projections of what he expected to score, though he specified areas that he needed to improve. These predictions were pretty accurate, though he was pleasantly surprised on one subtest and “dun goofed” on another. However, we discussed strategies for him to mitigate and recover from any mistakes. These predictions remained on my board over the weekend, and prompted other students to volunteer their goals for the ACT.

            As an aside, I also offered to buy nachos, supreme nachos, and though visibly tempted, they refused. To me, this was not only an instance of hyper-focus in practicing for the ACT, but a feat of superhuman resistance: those nachos were awesome.

            Teaching, especially in STEM classes, is difficult, but purposeful work. [Name] is of the order of students who inspire me to continue my own education. Already, he has gained so much from his experiences at [Program] this summer, and I would imagine that the continued opportunity for professional mentoring will carry momentum as he begins his collegiate career next fall. Thus, I highly recommend [Name] for [Program].

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For a Work Internship during a Gap Year

I am writing to recommend [Name], currently a senior at [School], for an internship position in your office. [Name] is a hardworking, capable student in my physics class who is heavily involved in her school and civic communities. She is president of the school’s [Environmental Club] which strives to maintain a clean, healthy school environment by collecting all of the school’s recycling and cultivating the green spaces on our campus. She has also served our school on the [Sport] team and by being an active member in National Honors Society, Student Council and Interact Club, which all participate in a variety of community outreach experiences.

            Academically, [Name] has maintained high grades in challenging honors and Advanced Placement courses throughout high school. This academic year, she is among the top 10 students in her graduating class of 200. She works well with others, keeping them oriented to accomplishing their goals, and she is open to critique on improving her workflow and products. Specifically, in physics [Name] maintains an open mind to learning physics theory while also being able to apply this knowledge into making functioning mechanical and electrical components. She is never afraid to ask for help, yet she problem solves independently and seeks cooperation from other students and teachers. She often mediates the group so that they can reorganize and reframe their ideas to make theory become a reality. Indeed, her academic experiences reflect a commitment to high quality work, a love of learning, and successful social and emotional skills required for a demanding atmosphere.

            [Name]’s post-high school plans are incredibly thoughtful, weighing the costs and benefits of the options available to her. I have the highest confidence that [Name] possesses the personality and perseverance to fit into any type of work environment.

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For Selective College Admission

[Name] was in my chemistry class last year at [School]. He made it memorable, ascending to the title of Lord [Name] the Bard and regaling the class with brilliantly adapted or improvised song. Not only did he enhance the class through entertainment, but he consistently offered clarifying insight for his fellow students. In class, [Name] was always willing to tackle big ideas in science, not only regarding methodology and the direction of research on a technical level, but also on an ethical level. In particular, he has expressed interest in the implications of empathy and the chemical basis of emotion, leading discussion and spirited debate. During class competition and reviews, he has demonstrated strategic prowess. Not only did he answer questions quickly and correctly, but he optimized his team’s performance by maximizing scoring opportunities and delegating tasks to group members.

            This pattern of excellence continued the entire year. He quickly adapted to learning large amounts of material in a shortened amount of time. His knack for understanding patterns was evident in advanced material regarding acids, bases, and organic molecules; while a majority of the class was initially stymied by nomenclature or calculations, [Name] was capable of working with different sets of rules to identify properties of various chemicals. 

            This year, [Name] joined the [Robotics Team] which I mentor. He began in the fall, and he will continue on in this “varsity sport of the mind” this upcoming spring during the six week build season. His commitment is greatly appreciated and seems to be inspiring to newer students. As a senior, he has become a model for younger students to follow. Despite his initial inexperience, [Name] will have plenty of opportunities to develop general knowledge in mechanics and electronics as well as employ soft skills in teamwork and strategy.

            Additionally, [Name] has demonstrated a breadth of interest throughout high school, participating in chorus, [Program], athletics, and writing competitions. Though he has expressed interest in the medical field, [Name] is capable of weighing options and keeping an open mind. He is a well-rounded student who has demonstrated adaptability; indeed [Name] has expressed that he simply wants to be the best [Name] that he can be. [College] will provide an excellent academic environment for [Name], and he will benefit tremendously around peers with similar talents and drive. Though he performed outstandingly in an accelerated chemistry class, I only wish that our school had a gifted class where he and other students could excel even more.

            Teaching, especially STEM, is difficult, but purposeful work. Students like [Name] inspire me to be the best teacher that I can be: … and my reason for going into education rather than medical school or gerontology or biomedical engineering was because I’d have the potential to mentor future leaders in STEM, health, humanities, arts, and business. [Name] is a part of a brilliant future, and I highly recommend him for admissions into [College] for the class of [Year].

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For the Common App

            [Name] thinks intensely and efficiently. His economy of words carries authority during classroom discussion, and I can always count on [Name] to pick up on the big ideas in physics, conceptually and mathematically. He has a knack for translating this new vocabulary and grammar to his fellow classmates with wit and intensity. When challenged with multi-step problems in classical mechanics that require some concept learned a semester ago, or even from other math classes or chemistry, [Name] proceeds in a systematic, well-thought manner without complaint. He studies physics in a mature way that shows a deep understanding of complex interactions, highlighting the key variables without being bogged down in minor technical minutia. On tests, his explanations always fill the space neatly, always supported by examples with numbers.

            [Name] would fare well in an accelerated environment with peers with similar interests and intensity. He shows greatest interest in cosmological, astronomical, and quantum mechanical topics, but few opportunities come up in class since its focus is algebra-based classical mechanics. While few students knew what LIGO is, [Name] was devastated we had to cancel a trip to see the Laser Interferometer Gravity Wave Observatory up in rural Louisiana. In class, he often masters the material far faster than any other student and can reference long-forgotten topics, so enrichment specifically designed for [Name] is a niche I have to carve out in my lessons. He is savvy to the latest breakthroughs in theoretical physics; his mastery of classical mechanics probably comes from his time on the varsity [Sport] team.

            In a research environment working with a mentor, [Name] has the maturity to work both in cooperation and independently. Per unit time spent, he is indeed the most efficient in engineering projects, but he seems to prefer more abstract challenges. On rare occasions, [Name]’s interactions with other students appear critical in a pessimistic way, such as telling other classmates why a particular aspect of their project would not work. Though he is often correct in his analysis of these moments, a brief reflection allows him to offer a few suggestions that could help. For his own products, [Name] often designs simple solutions that work.

            [Name] enters the class with a greeting and never leaves without wishing for me to have a good day. He is amongst the brightest at [School], in the top 5% in academic class ranking. He takes away lessons with simple messages with the understanding that each plays a part in a larger, complex universe. While other students hesitate to draw conclusions, [Name] realizes there is little risk in entertaining certain ideas, allowing him to freely process various permutations of concepts. [Name] never makes excuses, and any setbacks he sees as opportunities to rethink, work harder, and overcome.

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For College Admissions (Restricted Word Count)

[Name] has the potential to become a great engineer. She’s precocious… and she’s persistent. She joined our [Robotics], and has contributed greatly to our outreach to local K-8 schools. She has also served as a volunteer at qualifying events our team has hosted as well as two regional competitions with over 50 teams each. I taught her chemistry, and I was her robotics mentor during [Year].

            In class, [Name] summarized her notes in a synthesis of analysis and personalization. She understood some chemistry concepts by making some metaphors or actively engaging with the phenomena through our lab activities. In robotics, she was present at most meetings and events to relay information to the team. She carries out her responsibilities as a team-player with a uniquely “[Name]-sense-of-humor.” 

            [Context], however she remains a good, overall well-rounded student. She works best when her dispositions can be put in check by her peers.

            [Name] is active on [School]’s campus by being representing as [Officer] for [Club], as a Freshman Mentor, and a member of the National Honor’s Society. She intends to pursue her senior research project about women in engineering fields, and she has much to contribute. On the robotics team, she serves as both a builder who assists other teams in building their chassis. [Name] will help coordinate outreach activities and sponsor visits.

            Indeed, [Name] will become a contributing member to your college campus’s student life. I feel that she would benefit from peer-mentoring programs and that she’ll excel at independent research projects. [Name] learns best once she knows how her support system works, and she becomes increasingly independent with feedback; that is, she listens, and once she gets rolling, she’ll start thriving.

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For an Arts-Oriented Program

[Name] represents the best of [School], not only possessing a stellar grade point average, but by embodying an omnipresent spirit. She’s active everywhere! If you were to go to any given school-wide event, [Name] is there taking pictures, capturing these beautiful moments for posterity. She gets along with just about everyone on campus, and everyone, including myself, can only dream of being as cool as [Name].

            She manages her time extremely efficiently, given her extensive participation in the school’s community life; she outperforms many of her peers because she prioritizes her needs and carves out time to study, seeking the help of her teachers or finding time to collaborate with others. In my chemistry class, she achieved some of the highest grades because she focused on thinking widely without getting bogged down into details; she would still notice those details, however, and restate them in her own way. Comparing notebooks, [Name]’s organizational skills match professional scientists and engineers. [Name] absorbs material rapidly, but rather than being spongy, she artfully filters and resynthesizes big ideas. She even asks questions, and more importantly, checks her understanding without prompting, demonstrating that she takes charge of her own learning. In short, I have the highest confidence in [Name]’s academic abilities.

            Not only does [Name] possess qualities of great thinkers, she also has gifts necessary for leadership such as communication, goal-setting, and a robust sense of duty. Her leadership roles include running [Club] service projects as she climbed the ranks through different elected offices. With her careful guidance, the [Club] was able to undertake impactful and sustainable local service projects to help bolster [City]’s community. As a member of our award winning [Club], she faithfully conducts meetings and shares her art and writing, always seeking to improve upon each iteration. As a school ambassador, she welcomes new and returning students into a … [lifelong learning community]. Her performances on-stage and on-screen top off her contributions in theatre and broadcasting. As one of the many stylish hats that she wears, her behind the scenes work permeates through these high-quality productions.

            [Name] thinks critically and roots all of her forms of expression in a well-attuned sense of empathy. She recognizes what can be improved, but always sees the upside to everything. She dedicates much of her time perfecting her art in a community-driven environment. As a young teacher, I feel that [Name]’s omnipresence models a quality that I strive to emulate. [Name], always there, ready to give her all.

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For an Engineering Scholarship

[Name] demonstrates extremely high potential in STEM with his active interest in both unifying natural theories of our universe and his desire to learn about systems and mechanisms. I have known [Name] for the last two years, and he plays an integral part of [School]’s community as a member of the [Art], [Sport] team, and a member of our [Robotics] team.

            [Name] also volunteers his time strengthening [City] throughout the year with beautification ministry through his church and over the summer as an intern for [Civic Organization]. His mastery of tool use reciprocates from his experiences on robotics and through service projects which have led him towards a path in mechanical engineering.

            With his strong academics and his service background, [Name] had permanently affixed himself to the top of my chemistry class, always achieving the highest grades and mastering content well in advanced to his peers. He remarked how principles in chemistry were interrelated, and he used most of his time building his knowledge and understanding instead of relearning basic concepts. He often explained material to his classmates using examples and enthusiasm with an “If I can do it, you can, too” attitude. His classmates love [Name], the humble [Instrument]-playing nerd who happens to play [Sport] and can lift heavy objects.

            … I have utmost confidence that his interests would have expanded as a result of being around academically stronger students. His math can become muddled because of a desire to show all work, even bits that are not relevant to the problem, but this meticulousness is only at the cost of speed and not precision; he takes time to do everything instead of filtering out irrelevant information, though he is usually correct. Much improvement will arise both math and writing once he practices strategies to speed up simpler tasks. [Name] excels at producing polished work for longer term projects where the details matter more, such as each nine weeks project in our chemistry and physics classes and his senior research project on [Topic]. According to his English teachers, his paper was capable of blowing their minds while being grammatically correct and stylistically pleasant.

            Overall, I highly recommend [Name] for consideration for your scholarship. [Name] shows promise as a future mechanical engineer and as a citizen of the world who will dedicate his time in the service of others. His works exemplify the spirit of learning through experiences which build on one another, and he explores science topics seeking breadth with depth. [Name] brings humor and excitement, humanizing the natural sciences and applying them to real world contexts. I hope that he is able to develop a vision for innovation while iterating upon his successful experiences.

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Discussion 

I feel comfort in knowing I've helped students pursue life-changing educational opportunities.  I'm really proud.

Friday, August 11, 2023

What Do the Robots Actually Do? Examples from Different Classes

I taught elementary to high school robotics for the past five summers. We add pool noodles so moving metal parts won't damage the classroom or the other robots. I try to let the students figure it out, and I mostly help by loosening over-tightened screws.

Drive Train

Most of the time, the robots roll around. This is either two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive depending on how many motors we have across the entire class.

cup obstacle course for a teleop robot
A student drives around a totally made up obstacle course.
They were supposed to bump the last cup.

Line Finder

This was a Lego robot made by an elementary student to find and follow lines. The tradeoff for accuracy is usually speed and turning, and the line needs decently high contrast and good lighting.

Lego robot line finder goes back and forth
Proof of concept. When it  kinda worked,
the laughter was worth the frustration of figuring it out.

Catapult

A simple design, but it requires students to balance speed and torque to move fast enough to launch the ball while also lifting itself up.

robot catapult launches ball
Notice the pool noodle as a physical stop.
These are surprisingly strong.

Whacky Arm

This just requires one motor, and a quick upgrade requires just one more perpendicular motor.

 

Linear Launcher

Rack gear launchers with a slip gear turn the rotational motion of the motor to a linear motion punch. I find the clash of metal it makes so satisfying.


 

robot launches ball into a bowl
Just short of three-in-a-row.

robot launches ball into cup
The robot version of the Bozo Cup Game.

Flywheel

Flywheels at this scale require a lot of compound gearing, getting the right angle, and making it all sturdy and compact enough to fit on the robot.

Discussion

I often advise students to think of designs that have real-world counterparts and to think about how it will all fit together at this scale. They only have a few tools, usually hex wrenches, to put the robots together, but a lot of it is facilitated by having a big enough set of parts. I try to get them to just keep building and modifying, while recording changes in their engineering notebook. They draw and list out what they plan on building each class.

Besides these short videos, the robots are ephemeral. They need to be taken apart so they can fit into storage each summer. But, ahem, hopefully the experience of building the robots has some small impact on lifelong learning. And that's worth it.


The organized chaos and clutter of a robotics classroom helps spur on little-c creativity.

Wednesday, August 9, 2023

Robotics Education in K-12 Schools: Is it worth the investment?

Should K-12 students join robotics teams or take robotics classes?

Bottom line up front: Yes, robotics is an excellent extracurricular activity that emphasizes creativity, collaboration, and the development of professional skills. However, starting and sustaining programs remains the biggest barrier to entry, requiring outside grants and sponsorships and access to facilities.

Initial Thoughts

I now have over a decade of robotics mentoring and teaching experience. As a public school teacher, I fundamentally believe robotics programs help cultivate academic and professional interests for students on different learning pathways. Whether college bound or headed into technical fields out of high school, students have the opportunity cost of picking what they do outside of class. College teams apply classroom knowledge on focused projects like finding life on Mars (University Rover Challenge) or embodying a MOBA game (RoboMaster).

a Mars rover in a supply closet
I joined the rover team during my first year at UW!

four college volunteers assemble robot arena
The 2023 RoboMaster competition one floor below my office.

Robotics has been branded as “a sport of the mind,” or “the hardest fun you’ve ever had.” For adult mentors working with students, it can range from grueling endurance fests with ungodly hours to the most rewarding teaching moments. Students gain momentum and rally. You can chart their conceptual growth alongside their fabrication skills. You can see their confidence as they speak to sponsors and crowds.

I don’t think robotics is very much different than other extracurricular activities. Sports, arts, music, or community service are all worthwhile, and they aren’t mutually exclusive. Robotics has a unique community of practice from enthusiast to serious to serious enthusiasts. The goals and investment will vary by locale.

Goals for Robotics Teams

Robotics is challenging to describe since it combines a lot of different activities. It’s part building, programming, marketing, and project management.

What do the actually robots do? The robots typically push, pull, shoot, balance, race, or climb. Robot sizes vary from a small 18-inch cuboid to 120-pound robots whose only practical limitation is fitting through the door. My enrichment classes I teach have games that could be made up, or follow actual real-life games and sports.

Some competitions incorporate programming for autonomous movement and computer vision. Oddly enough, I think the Lego-based competitions are usually more difficult since the robots rely more on programming instead of remote control.

For elementary and middle school students this can be their first team experience. Some students might not have any building experience. Lego can be expensive. Competitions are low stakes, but they’re still performance and skills-based.

For high school students, this is a resume builder and early network. I find that many students find similar experiences at their colleges, either in coursework or in teams.

For college students, these robotics teams can be the foot in the door to different internships or research opportunities. Or it can just be something to do with other people in and out of their major. Regardless, it’s usually both work and passion by then. 

Who Benefits the Most?

high school students present a robot to elementary students
Outreach and presenting all-in-one

  • Students: early practical professional training; team and travel experience
  • Parents: work together on a project with their kids; they can also
  • Teachers: good coaching and mentoring gig
  • School Administrators: easy promotion for in kind commitments of space
  • School Community: shoutout during graduation ceremonies; overall boost to school pride
  • Industry Sponsors: proven recruitment tool for engineering and marketing

Besides some self-deprecating humor, I haven’t witnessed any stigma solely for being on a robotics team. Kids are respectful enough to at least respect the team aspect or opine, “They must be smart.” It might be self-selecting at first, but with outreach and reputation, you’ll get a good mix of people who support the team.

School Robotics Programs

Parents and other teachers often ask me about which programs to start with.

For K-12 robotics, FIRST and VEX have the most support. I endorse the mission of FIRST, “For inspiration and recognition of science and technology.” I wouldn’t recommend the documentary “More than Robots” on its watchability, but the sentiment and message is something I fully support. VEX can be good, too, but from my perspective at the university-level, I rarely see outcomes comparable to FIRST alumni.

a robotic flywheel
A flywheel shooter from my first summer in Seattle (2019)






robots in an arena playing a game
A made up game my TA's made called A.J.'s War(p)Zone.
(Summer 2022)

four robots playing Rocket League
Robot Rocket League (Summer 2023)

four robots playing robot volleyball
Robot Volleyball (Summer 2023)

Programs might lead to competition, but there are mixes of team and individual components. Organizers often promote cooperation with other teams since most events follow a randomized tournament structure.

Robotics might be part of a class curriculum, usually engineering and computer aided design (CAD) or some programming courses.

a humanoid Arduino robot
I taught Arduino robotics online in the Summer of 2020.
I made a flossing robot.

Summer camps mix standalone extracurricular enrichment with some curriculum, but I think something missing is a coherent structure and sustained work with professional mentors you’d get from more year-round teams.

Lastly, the educational quality of businesses focused on robotics and coding vary. They can range from McDojos to cram schools. I prefer more community-based groups, but the availability and reach of these organizations depends on location.

Startup and Maintenance Costs

Managing robotics teams requires many resources: mentoring, supervision, equipment, software, parts, project management, and a build space.

robotics studio build space
One of my classrooms. Normally an architecture studio.

boxes and a cart of robots in an office
My office from March 2020 to June 2021.

Elementary and middle school teams start at a few hundred dollars. High school teams, especially with the intent to travel, will cost several thousand dollars. This can be covered by some grants within the programs, and some school districts or local foundations may offer seed money. However, the costs to individual participants can add up. Long running teams might create a 501(c)(3) to deal with fundraising and reimbursements.

Not only is it resource-intensive, but activity is also constrained by geography. Although each high school can have as many sports teams as possible, each city has constraints on sponsors and technical mentoring. Some programs have particular vendors, and since the build season is in winter, you can except some shipping delays.

The calendar is set by the program, but here is an outline:

  • January to February: build season.
  • March to April: competition season
  • May to June: championship and demo season
  • July to August: back-to-school and offseason events
  • September to December: training new students and prototyping

Cultivating Interests and Personal Skills

Top students over the years, evidenced by their college and early career achievements, seem to be those who had interests beyond robotics. Other factors may contribute to this phenomenon.

Navigating overlapping student interests has consistently been the toughest work for me. Some want to be the very best; others remain content doing what they can. With a mix of process-oriented and product-oriented workflows, balancing out tasks was a challenge. I trust the design work of the student who worked with an actual rocket engineer over someone who thinks it would be cool just to try something. Those were easy calls and good opportunities for students to share their thinking. It was tougher when students didn’t want to do things like cleaning, sorting, and maintenance.

two high school students discuss at a robotics competition
Co-op-pertition is a positive virtue.

This is like a part-time job for students most of the year, but it can become a full-time job during the main build season. I also want to emphasize that it is like a job. Frankly, it isn’t their job, and I never saw the ultimate success of the team as having the best working robot. It’s corny, but at the literal end of the day I’d always hope for a lesson learned or a happy experience. Some days, the build could be frustrating because parts aren’t in with nothing to do or work piles up and becomes endlessly tedious. Those times are punctuated by moments of elation when the robot finally does what we intend.

Discussion

In short: yes, robotics is worth it. There aren’t any inherent downsides to joining a team for fun.

I wish public schools had the resources to support engineering curriculum. In the same way that P.E. classes should teach basic skills and general fitness, K-12 engineering classes should teach basic skills and principles. Like baseball and softball being a part of athletics, robotics and programming fit in the larger category of engineering.

An influential student from my team once said, “If I wanted students to better understand chemistry, I would start a chemistry course.” She compared herself to her college peers who seemed to have a more integrated engineering foundation. It was hard to disagree with her that teachers struggled teaching students the basics, much less connect big ideas and engender habitual, disciplined practice. I trust her judgment, as she gets her PhD in robotics.

After a decade of robotics, I still think it’s a fun, worthwhile hobby or team activity. I would like to see more education and learning science research into how teams work and learn together, as well as some long term outcomes for students.  

Open Questions

  1. Who should mentor robotics teams?
  2. Should a college student mentor a high school robotics team?
  3. Is robotics the best activity for high school students interested in engineering?

Quick Takes without Further Explanation (Future Blog Posts)

  1. Someone with patience who cares about learning. It's about more than robots.
  2. No*.
  3. No.

What Do the Robots Actually Do? Examples from Different Classes

I taught elementary to high school robotics for the past five summers. We add pool noodles so moving metal parts won't damage the classr...